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The Big Bang is a scientific theory that explains the beginning and evolution of the universe and is the most widely accepted theory by astronomers of the origins of the universe. According to this, the universe started as an infinitely dense point called singularity and underwent rapid expansion, creating space, time, and our natural forces. According to this theory, the universe is still continuously expanding.
Before this happened, The beginning of everything we know, before space and time existed, and before our natural laws of physics that we know came to be, there was an incredibly dense, hot, and infinitely small point called singularity, which was the precursor to all the energy and space-time. Next came the Planck Epoch (an epoch is a unit of time), which was immediately after the Big Bang Only energy existed at this time and it was immediately after the Big Bang. The super force existed at this time, which was the precursor to our 4 natural forces: gravity, electromagnetic, strong nuclear force, and weak nuclear force. Gravity breaks away nearing the end of this epoch. Next is Inflation, which is where the universe starts rapidly expanding and is very hot. This set the stage for the formation of matter.
Next comes the electroweak epoch which is where electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces separate and particles can acquire mass now. This forms particles like quarks, leptons, and gauge bosons. In the quark epoch, the universe has enough energy to allow quarks to form, which make up protons and neutrons. Quarks and gluons formed a quark-gluon plasma. In the Lepton Epoch, 1 second after the Big Bang, electrons and neutrinos start to form. These interact with photons by scattering and absorbing them creating the density of matter-energy in the universe. In the Atomic Epoch, which is 380,000 years after the Big Bang, the universe cooled down a lot so electrons can attach to nuclei now. This created Hydrogen. As a result, atoms, and photons can travel freely now and create Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation. Hydrogen and Helium created atomic clouds throughout the universe. Gravity pulled together clusters of atoms which eventually formed galaxies. In the Stellar Epoch, stars started to form after galaxies started to form and evolve. The heat from stars converts hydrogen and helium into other chemical elements that we see on the periodic table.
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